Urticaria (Hives)

Urticaria, commonly known as Hives, is a skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of itchy, red, raised swellings (wheals) on the skin. These lesions may vary in size, appear anywhere on the body, and often come and go within hours.

While acute urticaria may last for a few days or weeks, chronic urticaria can persist for months or even years. With proper evaluation and treatment, symptoms can be effectively controlled and quality of life significantly improved.

Symptoms of Urticaria

•Itchy raised red or skin-colored swellings
•Sudden appearance of wheals on the skin
•Swelling of lips, eyelids, hands, or feet (Angioedema)

Types of Urticaria

•Acute Urticaria (less than 6 weeks)
•Chronic Urticaria (more than 6 weeks)
•Physical Urticaria
•Cold Urticaria
•Heat Urticaria
•Pressure Urticaria
•Cholinergic Urticaria (triggered by sweating or exercise)
•Dermographism (Skin Writing)

Causes & Triggers

In many patients, the exact cause may not be identifiable. Common triggers include:

•Certain foods
•Medications
•Infections
•Stress and anxiety
•Heat and sweating
•Cold exposure
•Pressure on the skin
•Insect bites
•Underlying medical conditions
•Autoimmune disorders

Diagnosis

A detailed history and clinical examination are essential to identify possible triggers and associated conditions.

In selected patients, investigations may be advised to evaluate underlying causes, especially in chronic or recurrent urticaria.

Treatment

Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms, reducing flare-ups, and identifying avoidable triggers.

Treatment options may include:

•Anti-histamine medications
•Treatment of underlying infections or medical conditions
•Trigger identification and avoidance
•Lifestyle and dietary modifications
•Biologic therapy in resistant cases

Treatment plans are individualized according to the severity and duration of symptoms.

Angioedema

Some patients may develop deeper swelling of the skin known as Angioedema, affecting the lips, eyelids, tongue, hands, or feet. Immediate medical attention may be required if swelling affects breathing or swallowing.