Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition characterized by the loss of skin pigment, resulting in white patches on different parts of the body. It occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment, are destroyed or stop functioning.
Vitiligo is not contagious, infectious, or life-threatening. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help stabilize the disease and promote repigmentation in many patients.
Symptoms of Vitiligo
- •White patches on the skin
- •Premature whitening of hair in affected areas
- •Loss of pigment on lips or mucosal surfaces
Types of Vitiligo
- •Generalized Vitiligo
- •Localized Vitiligo
- •Segmental Vitiligo
- •Mucosal Vitiligo
- •Acral Vitiligo
Commonly Affected Areas
- •Face
- •Neck
- •Hands and feet
- •Genitals
- •Armpits
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of vitiligo is not fully understood, but contributing factors include:
- •Genetic predisposition
- •Autoimmune dysfunction
- •Oxidative stress
- •Viral infections
- •Trauma to the skin
- •Emotional stress
- •Family history of vitiligo or autoimmune conditions
Diagnosis
Vitiligo is usually diagnosed through detailed clinical examination and history. In selected cases:
- •Wood's lamp examination
- •Skin biopsy
Treatment
Treatment is individualized according to the extent, duration, and activity of the disease.
Treatment options may include:
- •Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors
- •Oral medications
- •Phototherapy (NB-UVB)
- •Excimer laser therapy
- •Skin grafting for stable localized vitiligo
- •Cosmetic camouflage
Early treatment offers better opportunity for repigmentation.
When Should You Consult a Dermatologist?
- •Sudden appearance of white patches
- •Progressive loss of skin pigment
- •White patches in visible areas
- •Family history of vitiligo
- •Associated symptoms or other skin conditions
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